Fronteiras do Conhecimento

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1 Fronteiras do Conhecimento Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz Diretor Científico, FAPESP Aula IRI, USP fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 1

2 Fronteiras do conhecimento O Universo Origem, composição, tamanho, expansão A Vida Evolução, saúde, alimento, meio ambiente O ser humano: saúde, cerebro, mente A Sociedade Vida em sociedade, economia, política, historia, educação, migrações, divergência em produtividade, why nations fail, why democracies fail, meio ambiente e sociedade, mundo digital fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 2

3 Três tópicos na fronteira Sociedade: transformação digital Engendradas pelo aumento da capacidade de processamento e acesso a dados e informação Vida: Biologia molecular Edição genica, saúde e agricultura Sociedade e Vida: Mudança climática global fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 3

4 A SOCIEDADE E A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 4

5 O início da transformação digital fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 5

6 Artigos científicos sobre transistor transistor fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 6

7 Quantidade de artigos científicos sobre Inteligência Artificial e temas correlatos "artificial intelligence" OR "machine learning" OR "neural networks" OR "deep-learning" OR "deep learning" OR "machine-learning" fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 7

8 Temas em inteligencia artificial: os 9 artigos mais recentes no WoS fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 8

9 Artigos científicos sobre Inteligência Artificial SWITZERLAND SINGAPORE NETHERLANDS POLAND BRAZIL TAIWAN TURKEY SOUTH KOREA AUSTRALIA IRAN JAPAN FRANCE INDIA ITALY CANADA SPAIN GERMANY ENGLAND PEOPLES R CHINA USA fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 9

10 Pesquisa em inteligência artificial no Brasil fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 10

11 Projetos FAPESP em Inteligência Artificial: há uma história fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 11

12 Pesquisa em Inteligência Artificial em empresas em São Paulo fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 12

13 Identificação de células cancerosas fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 13

14 A CIÊNCIA DA VIDA fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 14

15 A ciência da vida fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 15

16 Edição gênica: CRISPR-CAS9 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 16

17 Corrida da edição gênica fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 17

18 CRISPR: disputa de patentes fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 18

19 Unicamp-Embrapa-FAPESP: Edição de genomas e Mudança Climática fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 19

20 Busca por produtividade na agricultura Fonte: Paulo Arruda, GenClima, Unicamp fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 20

21 Mudança Climática e Agricultura no Brasil fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 21

22 Tecnolocia CRISPR na FAPESP fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 22

23 MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA GLOBAL fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 23

24 Balanço energético da Terra fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 24

25 Comprimentos de onda diferentes na energia recebida e emitida T sol = K Lei de Wien: l.t = constante (1879) Radiação emitida pela Terra Terra T Terra =298 K 10 microns fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 25

26 Efeito Estufa Atmosfera tem moléculas que absorvem luz infravermelha CO 2 CH 4 H 2 O Retenção de energia radiante emitida pela superfície do planeta fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 26

27 Fourier, 1827 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 27

28 John Tyndall, 1863 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 28

29 Tyndall, 1863 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 29

30 Svante Arrhenius, 1896 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 30

31 Arrhenius, 1896 A great deal has been written on the influence of the absorption of the atmosphere upon the climate. Tyndall (2) in particular has pointed out the enormous importance of this question. To him it was chiefly the diurnal and annual variations of the temperature that were lessened by this circumstance. Another side of the question, that has long attracted the attention of physicists, is this: Is the mean temperature of the ground in any way influenced by the presence of heat-absorbing gases in the atmosphere? Fourier (3) maintained that the atmosphere acts like the glass of a hot-house, because it lets through the light rays of the sun but retains the dark rays from the ground. This idea was elaborated by Pouillet (4); and Langley was by some of his researches led to the view, that the temperature of the earth under direct sunshine, even though our atmosphere were present as now, would probably fall to -200 C, if that atmosphere did not possess the quality of selective absorption (5). fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 31

32 Arrhenius, x mais CO o C fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 32

33 Callendar, 1938 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 33

34 Callendar, 1938 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 34

35 Callendar, 1938 In conclusion, it may be said that the combustion of fossil fuel, whether it be peat from the surface or oil from 10,000 feet below, is likely to prove beneficial to mankind in several ways, besides the provision of heat and power. For instance the above mentioned small increases of mean temperature would be important at the northern margin of cultivation, and the growth of favourably situated plants is directly proportional to the carbon dioxide pressure (Brown and Escombe, 1905). In any case the return of the deadly glaciers should be delayed indefinitely. fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 35

36 Keeling, 1957 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 36

37 Folha da Noite, 1957 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 37

38 Folha da Noite, 1957 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 38

39 O clima de 420 mil anos atrás fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 39

40 Concentração de CO 2 e Temperatura na Antártica Fonte: Stoker e Plattner, fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 40

41 Evolução da concentração de CO mil BC fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 41

42 Emissões por pessoa (Fonte: IPCC Assessment Report 4, 2008, WG3 Vol 1) fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 42

43 Emissões por unidade de PIB criado (Fonte: IPCC Assessment Report 4, 2008, WG3 Vol 1) fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 43

44 Como a pesquisa apoiada pela FAPESP pode ajudar o Brasil a reduzir emissões? Florestas Agricultura Energia fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 44

45 Qual a influência da Amazônia no clima global? GO Amazon, nuvens, chuva fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 45

46 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 46

47 Sugarcane research fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 47

48 Brazil Energy Supply fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 48

49 : change in energy sources in the State of São Paulo, Brazil State of São Paulo 42 million people 32% of Brazil s GDP 55% of Brazilian ethanol production Oil down from 62% to 38% Cane up from 14% to 32% 14% 62% Source: Balanço Energético SP, (values from interpolated for visualization) Other Hydroelectricity Sugar cane 32% Natural gas Oil and oil products 38% fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 49

50 Links com BIOEN e BIOTA Biodiversity loss: Predicted extinction risks from climate change accelerate with global temperature rise fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 50

51 Alguns desafios científicos a serem enfrentados A adaptação às mudanças climáticas; Extremos climáticos e seus impactos; Entender as mudanças no funcionamento dos ecossistemas em um planeta em mudança; Calcular os riscos sistêmicos em setores chaves: agricultura, energia, biodiversidade, aumento de nível do mar, saúde humana, etc.; Agricultura em um mundo mais quente e com padrão de chuvas diferentes do atual; Impactos na saúde humana; Urbanização e vida nas cidades; Como construir sistemas de transporte sustentáveis em áreas urbanas; Como construir uma economia verde, suprindo desenvolvimento, energia, alimentos e matérias primas de modo sustentável? Desenvolvimento tecnológico na geração e armazenamento de energia; Como implementar a INDC brasileira... fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 51

52 fronteiras-da-ciencia-e-seus-impactos-chbc pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 52

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