CONFLICT RECOVERY PROGRAMME FOR LEBANON

Transcription

1 CONFLICT RECOVERY PROGRAMME FOR LEBANON Final Reprt Prject Title: Risk Assessment and Survey f Nahr El-Bared Camp Lcatin: Nrth Lebann Start Date: 11 April 2008 End Date: 19 April INTRODUCTION The site clearance and recnstructin f Nahr El-Bared is frecast t begin in summer T understand the needs and risks fr such a prject, MAG was cntracted by UNDP under LMAC authrity t undertake a Risk Assessment and Survey f the camp. The risk assessment tk place April 2008 and was fllwed by the survey April AIM The aim f the risk assessment was t indentify the risk management measures required fr the survey and t cnduct a desktp survey f expected density f explsive rdnance (EO). The aim f the survey was t assess the density level f EO thrughut the camp and where pssible make recmmendatins n the methds f clearance and assciated risks. The area surveyed was cnfined t the Old Camp and the adjacent. Prime Areas. 3. CONFLICT HISTORY The cnflict began n 20 May 2007 and ended n 7 September The LMAC prvided MAG with a list f ammunitin types used including expected bby traps n 6 July DESKTOP AND RISK ASSESSMENT The MAG team began with a desktp survey cnsisting f a 90 minute questin and answer sessin with key LAF persnnel. During this meeting, baseline infrmatin was gathered and initial desktp threat assessment was develped. The infrmatin included: 3 Cmpany, LAF Engineer Regiment: Have been cnducting Explsive Ordnance clearance n the site fr 3 mnths. Have cnducted a surface (visual) clearance f the site Have cleared apprximately 100 items a day during the perid Have cleared apprximately 10 Bby Traps Risk Assessment and Survey f Nahr El-Bared Camp 1

2 LAF Generally: Are allwing families t retrieve belngings n an escrted basis. Have allwed the re-ccupatin f the new camp The desktp identified, categrised, and assessed the risks t be managed whilst cnducting the risk assessment and survey. The site was divided int EO cntaminated znes accrding t density based upn infrmatin gathered frm the LAF. Table 1: EO Density Categrisatin Criteria Clur Cding Serial Number f EO per hectare Descriptin Nne very light density Green light density Amber nrmal density Red heavy density Table 2: Risk Assessment Matrix Severity Peple N Injuries Slight Injuries Minr Injuries Majr Injuries Up t 3 Fatalities Over 3 Fatalities Asset Damage Cnsequences Envirnmental Effect Reputatin Impact Nne Nne Nne Slight Slight Slight Minr Minr Minr Mderate Mderate Mderate Majr Majr Majr Very Light Likelihd based n EO Density Light Mderate Heavy Massive Massive Massive Tlerable risk t be endrsed The risk assessment visit t the camp cnsisted f a rapid visual verificatin f the data gathered thrugh the desktp survey prcess. The team prceeded t the Nrth Gate and in turn the UNWRA cmpund. The grup divided int 2 teams. The teams were given tasks and departed East and West f the main rad f the camp t establish and dcument areas f risk as identified by the desktp survey. The findings f the rapid risk assessment was that the centre f the camp is f high risk. The risk assessment was nt specifically undertaken t identify the extent f cntaminatin but rather identify risks t the survey teams. The risk assessment and baseline infrmatin did hwever identify the areas f highest and lwest EO cntaminatin. Map 1 identifies these areas. Red areas are 70 t 100% cntaminated, Amber 30 t 70% (mstly 50%) and Green are 0 t 30%. The survey will further reduce the EO prbability percentages f each sectr. Risk Assessment and Survey f Nahr El-Bared Camp 2

3 Map 1: Cntaminatin Map fllwing Risk Assessment April 2008 The risk assessment identified the fllwing 3 grups f risk t the survey. 1. General Risks The main risk is rubble, hard hats and industrial gggles will be required n site. Reinfrcing bar is prevalent n the site, cutting back with blt cutters will reduce the threat. The pssibility f falling rubble is significant; n lne wrkers shuld be permitted n site. Risk Assessment and Survey f Nahr El-Bared Camp 3

4 2. Security The LAF have the camp secure. Attentin t visiting families cllecting belngings shuld be made. 3. Survey Risks The area is divided by EO hazards as shwn n Map 1. The risk f bby traps is lw. The density f sub-surface EO is unknwn and the survey will identify this. Surface clearance is bth apparent and almst cnclusive. The type f EO witnessed was fired 106mm Light Gun Cartridges. N live EO was bserved. Ladders will be required t view intact buildings. The risk assessment made the fllwing recmmendatins t reduce the identified risks t the survey: All persnnel entering the site shuld be equipped with the crrect PPE including: Hard hat Gggles Glves Fragmentatin Jacket (as required) Bts Dust Masks High Visibility Vest Additinal equipment required fr survey: Blt Cutters Extendable Ladders Shvels Figure 1: View frm East t West shwing centre f the camp Risk Assessment and Survey f Nahr El-Bared Camp 4

5 Figure 2: View f UNWRA Building 5. SURVEY Methdlgy The survey cnsisted f 92 samples taken thrughut the camp. The samples were cnducted utilising 2 parameters, either surface r sub-surface. The surface search was cnducted by frming a line f searchers and prceeding thrugh accessible areas and recrding results. The sub-surface samples were cnducted by the physical remval f sil and/r rubble t a depth f ne metre. A table f results is attached as Annex A. The map in Annex B shw that the samples cvered every area f the camp. Areas deemed inaccessible r t dangerus t access were nt sampled. All EO hazards identified during the survey were marked, recrded, and handed ver t the LAF as agreed prir t cmmencement. The LAF undertk the actual mvement and subsequent dispsal. The LAF escrted MAG staff thrughut the prcess and the level f cperatin was excellent. Findings The survey supprted the areas f cntaminatin develped after the risk assessment (Map 1) and further identified areas f high risk (Map 2). Map 2 details the levels f cntaminatin based n the risk assessment criteria. The image shws that the majrity f the site is classified as Amber, with Sectr A classified as Red, and the UNWRA Cmpund and Prime Areas classified as Green. Green des nt preclude the presence f EO nly that the density is lwer. Risk Assessment and Survey f Nahr El-Bared Camp 5

6 Map 2: Cntaminatin Map fllwing Survey April 2008 The data and samples demnstrate that: The level f surface and sub-surface EO cntaminatin in Sectr A is high. Sectrs B, C, D and the UNWRA Cmpund have a lwer level f surface threats due t EOD clearance by the LAF during the cnflict. After cessatin f hstilities, the LAF undertk a visual clearance f the entire camp and reduced the hazards accrdingly. Hwever, f greatest cncern is the sub-surface threat in these sectrs. There was evidence f the remnants f a single shrt urban Cmmand Wire and a TM46 Anti Tank Mine bby trap in Sectr A. Hwever, the bby trap threat remains lw. Tunnels and/r bunkers remain largely uncleared. Risk Assessment and Survey f Nahr El-Bared Camp 6

7 Hawuz Msque in Sectr A is f particular cncern. The msque has 2 levels f belw grund chambers and hused the insurgents during the last 20 r s days f the cnflict. It was heavily bmbarded with aircraft and artillery ammunitin. Infrmatin was attained that at least 5 aircraft bmbs failed t functin in the immediate vicinity at grid references: X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y The aircraft bmbs are a mixture f US Mk82 and French Type 200 fuzed 905/906. Extreme cautin is required in this area. Sample Tables The tables in Annex A shw the results gathered frm each sample. The lcatins f each sample are represented n the satellite image at Annex B. The satellite image (Annex B) als shws mrtar and artillery firing psitins in Sectr C that fired directly int Sectr A. Cnclusins Sectr A is classified RED Sectr B is classified AMBER Sectr C is classified AMBER Sectr D is classified AMBER UNWRA Cmpund is classified GREEN Prime Areas are classified GREEN N areas are classified as free frm Explsive Ordnance hazards 6. RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATION 1: The site shuld be divided int 3 risk categries and clur cded, RED, AMBER, and GREEN with the required supprting activities as detailed in the fllwing table Clur Cde RED AMBER GREEN Requirements Direct EOD Supprt Use f mechanical assets t standard 1 All persnnel n site t have received UXO awareness brief Minimum safety distance between wrking teams 100m 2 On site EOD Supprt 1 t 3 minutes respnse All persnnel n site t have received UXO awareness brief On call EOD Supprt 20 minutes respnse All persnnel n site t have received UXO awareness brief 1 Refer Internatinal Mine Actin Standards and CWA 15044: Refer SOP safety distance nce item identified. Risk Assessment and Survey f Nahr El-Bared Camp 7

8 RECOMMENDATION 2: EOD teams shuld be cnsidered as essential supprt t the rubble clearance peratins. Each EOD team shuld cmprise f: 1 x EOD Supervisr; 4 x EOD Technicians; 1 x Medic; 1 x Driver EOD teams shuld be able t meet the requirements f Lebann Natinal Standards and Guidelines with regards t the fllwing: Tasking Site Supervisin Wrksite Safety Accreditatin Quality Management Marking Safety and Occupatinal Health Insurance Persnnel Prtective Equipment Medical requirements Reprting Use f Mechanical Assets RECOMMENDATION 3: It recmmended that Sectr A shuld be cleared by mechanical assets f the required standard. The assets shuld meet the standards laid ut in Internatinal Mine Actin Standards and tested in accrdance with CWA 15044:2004 (refer t SOPs will need t be develped and accredited prir t cmmencement f the peratin. RECOMMENDATION 4: Regardless f risk categries, all persnnel entering the site shuld receive an awareness and recgnitin brief, prir t cmmencement f wrks. RECOMMENDATION 5: The rubble srting area will require permanent EOD supprt. END Risk Assessment and Survey f Nahr El-Bared Camp 8