Národný inventarizačný systém SR. Janka SZEMESOVÁ Odbor monitorovania emisií a kvality ovzdušia
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1 Národný inventarizačný systém SR Janka SZEMESOVÁ Odbor monitorovania emisií a kvality ovzdušia
2 Inštitucionálne zabezpečenie NIS SR Jedna zo základných povinností strán KP je zaviesť a udržiavať Národný inventarizačný systém pre emisie skleníkových plynov podľa článku 5.1, ktorý má obsahovať mandatórne parametre. SHMÚ Odbor monitorovania emisií a kvality ovzdušia Single National Entity od marca 2007 riadiaca jednotka NIS Zriadená na základe rozhodnutia ministra ŽP uverejneného vo Vestníku MŽP, XV, 3, 2007, strana 19 Koordinuje NIS, zodpovedá za reporting pod UNFCCC a KP, ako aj pod EÚ (rozhodnutie 280/2004/ES) Subjekty NIS NFP riadiaca jednotka MŽP Manažér kvality Sektoroví experti Štatistický úrad SAŽP Ostatné ministerstvá, univerzity, prevádzkovatelia, atď. Národný register
3 Parametre NIS SR Podľa rozhodnutia 19/CMP.1 zabezpečuje transparentnú, konzistentnú, porovnateľnú, kompletnú a presnú inventarizáciu emisií skleníkových plynov v zmysle QA/QC transparentnosť použité metodiky a predpoklady pre stanovenie emisií, vrátane referencií sú zreteľne zdokumentované a spoľahlivo archivované; konzistentnosť použité metodiky sú rovnaké pre stanovenie emisií, vrátane záchytov, v celom časovom rade. V prípade zmeny metodiky musia byť následné prepočítané celé časové rady; porovnateľnosť použité metodiky stanovenia (IPCC guidelines) a forma prezentácie inventúr emisií skleníkových plynov (CRF tabuľky) musia byť v súlade s rozhodnutiami Konferencie strán dohovoru; úplnosť inventarizácia monitoruje tvorbu emisií v celom požadovanom rozsahu sektorov a plynov, vrátane záchytov. Súčasne musí byť zaručené, že sú monitorované všetky významné zdroje emisií a záchyty; presnosť stanovenia emisií skleníkových plynov a záchytov nesmú byť systematicky významne nadhodnotené alebo podhodnotené a zároveň sa musia priebežne znižovať neurčitosti stanovenia v jednotlivých kategóriách.
4 Oficiálna stránka Národného inventarizačného systému pre emisie skleníkových plynov pod článkom 5.1 Kjótskeho protokolu
5 Národné indikátory Štatistické informácie zo Slovenského štatistického úradu k 31/12/2011: mil. obyvateľov km 2 HDP per capita 11,4 tis.euro/cap. CO 2 per HDP 0,58 Tg CO 2 / mld. Euro CO 2 per capita 6,57 t CO 2 /cap.
6 Roadmap 2050 Global climate action leads to converging emissions per capita
7 Roadmap 2050 Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050 (pretože súčasné mitigačné záväzky nie sú schopné zabezpečiť rast priemernej teploty pod 2 C!) Smart, sustainable and inclusive growth Benefits for energy security EU increasingly dependent on imported fossil fuels Risks from high price of oil and gas Benefits for innovation, jobs & growth EU traditionally strong in manufacturing industries, ensure continued leadership while other regions are also investing in green growth Climate change impacts threaten future growth More frequent and severe extreme weather - floods, storms, heatwaves, droughts impacts many sectors (agriculture, tourism, transport, health..)
8 Roadmap 2050
9 Green-Growth Economy Zelený rast je o zmene štruktúry hospodárstiev Maximalizácia hospodárskeho rastu Minimalizácia negatívnych tlakov na kvalitu a kvantitu prírodných zdrojov Cieľom je premostenie medzi tvorcami politík v oblasti financií, ekonomiky, zamestnanosti, obchodu a životného prostredia Nástrojom sú dane (uhlíková daň, spotrebné dane, uhlíková daň z motorových vozidiel) Dotácie sú vnímané ako netransparentné a neefektívne Stratégia na platforme OECD
10 Národné indikátory CO 2 trend per HDP uhlíková intenzita CO 2 trend per capita Real GDP in bio CO2 in Tg Carbon intensity Total GHGs Per capita
11 Národné indikátory - energetika Vývoj spotreby primárnych zdrojov energie (PJ) na HDP energetická intenzita hospodárstva Gross Inland Consumption [PJ] Energy intensity (PJ GIC/GDP)
12 Národné indikátory - energetika Vývoj spotreby palív a konečnej spotreby energií 300% 200% 100% 0% GDP 100% 106% 112% 119% 127% 127% 116% 123% 173% 180% 207% 229% 259% TPES 100% 99% 102% 103% 101% 100% 101% 102% 108% 105% 106% 108% 106% FEU 100% 93% 94% 95% 89% 89% 90% 87% 92% 85% 81% 85% 84% CO2 100% 94% 91% 87% 85% 84% 83% 82% 85% 81% 85% 82% 78% SO2 100% 75% 75% 70% 62% 56% 53% 39% 40% 31% 32% 30% 27% Fuel/Year Coal 30,70 20,90 16,00 15,90 17,20 16,90 15,70 Oil 14,50 7,20 6,90 9,40 8,70 8,60 9,20 Gas 11,70 11,70 13,10 13,00 12,50 12,00 13,20
13 Trend emisií skleníkových plynov KYOTO PROTOCOL cieľ : -8% zníženie oproti roku 1990 Hodnotenie roku 2010 predbežné k 15. januáru 2012: -41% bez emisií z LULUCF KP target Aggregated GHG (Gg CO2 eq.)
14 Trend emisií skleníkových plynov Porovnanie emisií po sektoroch pre základný rok a rok 2009 Redukcia emisií v sektore energetika a poľnohospodárstvo Nárast emisií v sektoroch doprava, priemysel a odpady ,3% 1,4% 6,8% 9,5% 4,9% 0,2% 7,0% 14,2% 0,4% 51,8% 67,9% 21,6% Energy Industrial Processes Solvent Use Ag ricult ure Waste Transport Energy Industrial Processes Solvent Use Ag ricult ure Waste Transport
15 Biopalivá a doprava Cestná doprava predstavuje viac ako 90% všetkých emisií v doprave Cestná doprava produkuje emisie skleníkových plynov (CO 2, CH 4 a N 2 O) spaľovaním fosílnych motorových palív (benzín, nafta, LPG a CNG) V súlade so smernicou 2003/30/ES SR povinne od roku 2007 primiešava biomasu podiel biozložiek v benzínoch a nafte podľa indikatívnych cieľov MH na každý rok. Hodnotiacu správu pripravuje MH. Požiadavky na blendovanie musia spĺňať normy kvality STN EN 228:2004 a STN EN 590:2004 a pre kvalitu bio-kvapalných palív špecifikácie podľa normy STN EN , STN EN Redukcia emisií CO 2 v sektore doprava Benzíny podiel biozložky reportovaný
16 Biopalivá a doprava Podiel jednotlivých vozidiel na emisiách z cestnej dopravy 44,79% 7,16% 5,16% 42,72% 0,07% 0,11% Passenger Cars Light Duty Vehicles Heavy Duty Vehicles Buses Mopeds Motorcycles
17 Biopalivá a doprava Podiel biomasy aj s ušetrenými emisiami CO 2 pochádzajúcimi z biozložky Benzíny Motorová nafta CO 2 Gasoline Blended Gg CO 2 Diesel Oil Blended Gg , , , , , , , ,56 Biomass share % Biomass share % 1,53% 0,83% 1,71% 2,34% 3,13% 3,63% 3,80% 4,41% Biomass CO 2 Gg Biomass CO 2 Gg 31,61 17,36 34,20 45,00 135,27 162,79 155,25 206,81 CO 2 Gasoline Fossil Gg CO 2 Diesel Oil Fossil Gg 2 034, , , , , , , ,75
18 Biopalivá a doprava Percentuálne zastúpenie jednotlivých druhov palív v cestnej doprave v roku 2010 (benzín a nafta fosil) 65,97% 1,37% 3,73% 0,27% 28,66% Gasoline Diesel LPG CNG Biomass
19 ĎAKUJEM
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