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2 O mnesty nterntionl Publictions 1977 First published September 1977 Originl lnguge: English l ndex: P1)9/75/00/77 Published by mnesty nterntionl Publictions, 10 Southmpton Englnd Street, London WC2E 7HF, Printed in Gret Britin by Russell Press, Gmble Street, Nottinghm NG7 4ET, Englnd Designed by Redesign Coopertive, c/o 6 Hdley Street, London NW1, Englnd MNESTY NTERNTONL is worldwide humn rights movement which is independent of ny government, politicl fction, ideology, economic interest or religious creed. t works for the relese of men nd women imprisoned nywhere for their beliefs, colour, ethnic origin, lnguge or religion, provided they hve neither used nor dvocted violence. MNESTY NTERNTONL opposes torture nd the deth penlty in ll cses nd without reservtion. t dvoctes fir nd speedy trils for ll politicl prisoners. MNESTY NTERNTONL seeks observnce throughout the world of the United Ntions Universl Declrtion of Humn Rights nd the UN Stndrd Minimum Rules for the Tretment of Prisoners. MNESTY NTERNTONL hs consulttive sttus with the United Ntions (ECOSOC), UNESCO nd the Council of Europe, hs coopertive reltions witlithe nter-mericn Commission on Humn Rights of the Orgniztion of mericn Sttes, nd hs observer sttus with the Orgniztion of fricn Unity (Bureu for the Plcement nd Eduction of fricn Refugees). MNESTY NTERNTONL is finnced by subscriptions nd dontions of its worldwide membership. lthough humn rights nd legl gurntees re fully provided by Prguyn lw, persons suspected of politicl offences re denied ll constitutionl sfegurds. s result, deths under torture nd uncknowledged detentions re routine prctices. n this leflet, l outlines cses of politicl prisoners reported to hve died under torture, nd detils of persons clssified s 'missing' but who re believed to be held in secret in police sttions nd militry detention centers in Prguy.

3 BCKGROUND The Republic of Prguy, situted in the center of South meric, is the poorest country in the continent. pproximtely 70% of the popultion is involved in the griculturl sector. Outside sunción, the cpitl city, medicl ttention is virtully non-existent. Only one in six children receives six yers of primry eduction. The popultion of 2,500,000 is overwhelmingly mestizo (mixed Spnish nd Gurni ndin). Economicl nd politicl conditions hve led 25-30% of the popultion to live brod, minly in neighbouring rgentin. lrge contrbnd trde in luxury goods nd drugs, totlling severl million dollrs yer, forms n integrl prt of the economic nd politicl system in Prguy. Despite hving forml prlimentry frmework, Prguy hs been utocrticlly ruled by Generl lfredo Stroessner since coup d'ett brought him to power in By greement, the ruling Colordo Prty holds two-thirds nd the tolerted opposition prties hold one-third of the prlimentry sets. For more thn 20 yers the President, s mtter of routine, hs declred "stte of emergency" every three months which is only lifted on the dy of elections. n 1977, the constitution ws chnged to permit presidentil re-election, llowing Generl Stroessner to be president for life. The 1967 Prguyn constitution provides for bsic humn rights nd legl gurntees, but this is invlidted by the continuing sttes of emergency which plce politicl offences outside the sfegurds of the constitution. The min humn rights violtions committed under Generl Stroessner's rule re:

4 TORTURE BCKGROUND indefinite detention without tril; torture, sometimes resulting in deth; "disppernce" following rrest. Politicl prisoners come from ll wlks of life. Rel or lleged opponents of the Stroessner regime fce rbitrry imprisonment. This my result from individul ctivity or simply ssocition with group tht is seen to threten the sttus quo, such s the Churchsponsored grrin Legues of pesnt frmers. To be denounced by n informer is frequently sufficient reson for rrc,t. Loss of liberty nd torture re systemticlly used to discourge dissent. Following widespred interntionl criticism of detention without tril, fifty politicl prisoners rrested in 1976 hve been chrged nd committed for tril. Three detinees held for more thn 18 yers without due process of lw were relesed in erly Nevertheless, there re still politicl prisoners who hve been similrly detined for between 5-18 yers. There is incresing evidence of deths under torture nd "disppernces" fter rrest. Politicl detinees were held in nrrow, overcrowded cells in locl police sttions mostly in sunción, until September 1976 when the mjority were trnsferred to the prison cmp of Emboscd. Mltretment nd torture during the initil period of detention incommunicdo re common. The constitutionl limit of mximum of 48 hours' detention without chrge is not pplied to politicl prisoners. period of detention incommunicdo in plce unknown to the prisoner's fmily nd lwyer normlly follows rrest. The legl provision of hbes corpus is not followed in the cse of politicl prisoners either the judicil uthorities do not pursue writs of hbes corpus in cses described by the uthorities s "politicl", or the hed of the police sttion or militry brrcks denies holding the prisoner in custody. Torture of politicl prisoners during the initil period of interrogtion, or even before ny interrogtion tkes plce, is common in Prguy. t is used not only s mens of persuding suspects to disclose the nmes of potentil or rel opponents of the government, but lso s punishment nd deterrent for opposition ctivities. The most common methods of torture mentioned in testimonies re: prolonged betings on the chest nd fce until the victim flls to the floor where he or she is then kicked; the pilet (bth) this is bthtub contining wter filled with filth nd excrement into which the victim is submerged until he or she loses consciousness; the ppliction of electric shocks to sensitive prts of the body by mens of prod-like instrument clled picn eléctric; 4. whipping with the teyo rugui (gurni word for plited lether whip often with smll stones ttched to the ends) or, with the cchiporr.(rubber truncheon). The more brutl forms of torture tke plce t the Deprtmento de nyestigciones (nvestigtions Deprtment) which is situted in the center of sunciem, opposite the prliment building. t is the hedqurters of the politicl police. nother torture center is the Deprtmento de Vigilnci y Delitos (Deprtment of Vigilnce nd Crimes), situted nerby. n ddition, torture is crried out in locl police sttions which lso serve s detention centers for politicl prisoners. One such police sttion is Comisri Tercer.

5 TORTURE DETHS "Some interrogtion sessions lst for dys, with tems of torturers tking turns. t is probble tht the torturers tke mphetmines becuse the torture sessions re exhusting even for them. The sessions re generlly crried out t dwn, prticulrly for the most 'serious' cses. They ply loud rdio music to try nd disguise the terrible screms of the victims." Excerpt from testimony bout Deprtmento de nvestigciones, dted My "N.N. is worker. She is young, ged between 25 or 26. They rrested her on 17 ugust On 25 ugust she ws seen being removed on stretcher from nvestigciones, where politicl prisoners re tortured. Her stomch ws swollen s result of the lrge quntities of wter she hd swllowed during the piet. This is the most common method of torture, s is electric shocks to the most sensitive prts of the body. t ws lso seen tht her hnds were bloodstined. She ws unconscious... " Excerpt from testimony bout prisoner who ws rrested during politicl meeting t fctory. "Tht night we were woken by shouting nd screming... Some policemen brought in very drk-skinned, curlyhired, lmost negro boy of bout 16 yers of ge. He ws bleeding from the mouth, nose nd fce when he ws thrown into our room. We thought he ws ded s he did not move. He hd hd his hed put into toilet nd hd been severely beten ll over his body. Becuse his clothes were covered with blood, urine, nd excrement, they were tken from him... very old prisoner put him on his mttress but nobody knew wht to do s we hd no medicl knowledge... " Excerpt from testimony by Europen tourist rrested in Prguy in December 1976 fter complining of theft of his money by policemn who hd sked to see his identity documents. "You cn personlly testify, Minister, to my concern for this mn nd for severl other pesnts from Piribebuy who were seized t the sme time. t 5.30 on the evening of 20 My ws in your office t the Ministry of the nterior nd spoke to you personlly on behlf of these Christins from my diocese. On 30 June in Ccupe nd in the presence of Fther Rm6n Myns, repeted my urgent ppel. On both occsions you took note of the ppel nd promised to look personlly into the fte of these pesnts who hd been rrested with rturo Bernl... s this your reply? The ded body of rturo Bernl: the mourning of pesnt fmily, widow left without protection nd five young children left without fther! nd there cn be no doubt bout it the dredful responsibility which you ber for the cruel deth of one more citizen in the custody of the Ministry under your control!" --Excerpt from n open letter to the Minister of nterior from Bishop Demetrio quino of Ccupe, dted 17 July The cse of rturo Bernl is described below. n unknown number of victims of politicl repression hve died under torture or by extr-judicil execution in Prguy. The lck of independence of the judiciry coupled with the fer of reprisls, hve left mny cses undocumented. When torture is used for interrogtion purposes, it is inevitble tht the limit of endurnce will t times be pssed nd the prisoner will die. This is known to hve hppened in the pst in Prguy nd continues to occur. n the lte 1950s mutilted bodies with their hnds tied behind their bcks were found floting down the River Prguy. Similr findings were mde in the 1960s nd

6 DETHS DETHS 1970s. t is possible to find few corroborted cses in the pst which constitute n importnt precedent to the more recent cses described here. n the cse of Jose Feris, whose body ws delivered to his fmily on 12 Mrch 1969, legl utopsy reveled bloted lungs, broken ribs nd blood-clotted nose. t corroborted llegtions tht he hd been subjected to betings with rubber or lether thongs nd the "bth torture". The utopsy showed no sign of hert filure, which ws the officil reson given by the uthorities for the cuse of deth. The only deth under torture to hve been officilly recognized ws the cse of 71-yer-old ek-rmy officer nd wr vetern, Benicio LOpez Quillen-les, who died in December There re lso frequent reports of deths during police nd militry rids which re often crried out with considerble disply of violence. The cses of Silvno Flores nd Dionisio Hodes described below re some of the few documented exmples of killings during rids in the countryside which were pprently crried out s mens of intimidtion. There ppers to be no interest on the prt of the Prguyn uthorities in investigting such buses of uthority or, for tht mtter, in bringing the offenders to tril. 1. Mrio RZMEND FLORES ged 61 yers; mrried with one dughter. rmy vetern who fought in the Chco wr. He ws employed by locl prish in suncion to distribute Sendero, the publiction of the Prguyn Episcopl Conference. He ws rrested on 5 pril 1976 when he visited house where lleged subversives hd been cptured erlier tht dy (see cse Nos. 4 nd 9) nd tken to the Deprttnento de nvest/gee/ones (nvestigtions Deprtment politicl police hedqurters). On 11 pril his body ws delivered to his fmily t the police clinic. Despite numerous protests nd considerble publicity bout the circumstnces of his deth, no officil investigtion is known to hve tken plce. 2. rturo 3ERNL ged bout 50 yers; mrried with five children. pesnt frmer nd leder of the grrin Legue in Piribebuy (Ccupe) nd lso prt-time Crits officil. On 12 My 1976 he ws rrested nd tken to nvestigciones nd on 6 July he died, reportedly under torture. His body ws tken from the police clinic to his fmily long with deth certificte giving the cuse of deth s "pneumoni". Enclosed with this leflet is trnsltion of n open letter sent by Mons&"tor Demetrio quino, Bishop of Ccupe, to the Minister of the nterior on 17 July 1976 stressing the government's responsibility for the deth of rturo Bernl. There ws no officil response to this letter. 3. Jun Mnuel CBRL ged 44 yers; mrried with eight children. Died in Sntorio Jun Mx Boettner in suncion on 20 October He hd reportedly been severely tortured during detention t the police sttion t Villrric Jun Crlos D COST Former student leder. The uthorities climed tht he nd Miguel Snmrt Grci, Spnish Jesuit priest, led the OPM, n llegedly leftwing orgniztion which the government clims to hve discovered in erly pril n officil report sttes tht Jun Crlos D Cost ws killed in n rmed confronttion during police rid on house in suncion on 5 pril However, other sources clim tht he ws only injured nd then tken to nvestigciones where he died under torture. Joel FLRTG SPERTT ged 17 yers. Died under torture in suncion on 30 Mrch He ws the son of well-known medicl doctor, philnthropist nd rtist, Dr Joel Filrtig fr Ferreir, who runs free medicl service in the country town of Ybycui. lthough police climed tht Joel hd been the victim of crime of pssion, there is substntil evidence tht he ws kidnpped nd tortured to deth by members of the police. The evidence of deth under torture includes medicl certifictes, photogrphs of the corpse showing mrks of torture, contrdictory testimonies by police witnesses nd circumstntil evidence such s the disppernce of one of the witnesses to the murder. n utopsy by three doctors Joel Filitrtig Spertti The corpse of Joel Filirtig Spertti showed tht he hd died from multiple cuts nd burns of kind often cused by betings nd electric shock tretment. court cse brought by the fmily to clrify the circumstnces of Joel Filrtig's deth hs not yet been resolved becuse of ttempts by some uthorities to block the investigtion. 6. Doroteo Silvno FLORES pesnt frmer with six children, from Snt Ros (Misiones), member of the grrin Legues. On pril 1976 his home ws rided by security forces. He ws injured nd ttempted to escpe but ws cptured nd reportedly hd his throt cut. The police clim tht he committed suicide. n editoril crried by the Prguyn weekly pper El

7 DETHS DETHS to 0 Drwing by Dr. Joel Filrtig depicting hi:s-ors de;, MP Rdicl clled on the uthorities to mke public the circumstnces of his deth nd to provide the nme of the doctor who signed the deth certificte. There hs been no officil response to this ppel. Silvno Flores' wife Cristin ws lso temporrily detined in nvestigciones. 7. Sixto MELGREJO ged 25 yers; pesnt frmer from Quiindy. rrested with his younger brother Miguel on 1 June Their fther, Victor Melgrejo, ws rrested few dys lter. Their sister, Mxim Melgrejo, nd her husbnd were lso detined nd hve since disppered (see list of disppered). Miguel ws relesed some dys lter fter his rrest but Sixto nd his fther were trnsferred to nvestigciones nd subjected to severe torture. Subsequently, Sixto's mother received visit from the police instructing her to collect his body from the police clinic. Victor Melgrejo continues in detention without tril. 8. Jun tie Dios SLNS pesnt frmer nd victim of the violent repression in Quiindy in the spring of He died in custody. His body ws reportedly so bdly injured tht it ws not hnded over to his fmily. His wife, Ros Joquin, who hd given birth 40 dys erlier, ws rrested t the leving the other six young children in the house. Only fter three months did she lern tht her other children were still live. She ws lso reportedly tortured with blows, pilet nd electric shocks by police in the town of Prguri. lthough she is reported to be illiterte, the police ccused her of rcding communist books. She ws relesed without chrge in erly Mrio Rril SCHERER PRONO 24-yer-old psychologist who ws lleged to be member of the OPM. n officil report clims tht he ws ftlly wounded in gun bttle when police rided his home in sunciem on 5 pril 1976 nd tht he died some hours lter in Rigoberto Cbllero police clinic. However, severl other sources report tht he ws tortured in nvestigciones nd died on 6 pril s result of this tretment. His 22-yer-old wife seven months pregnnt t the time ws lso lleged to be member of the OPM, nd ws rrested nd severely tortured. She lter gve birth to son, nd both mother nd child were trnsferred to Emboscd prison cmp. She ws relesed six months lter. Other members of the fmily were lso rrested nd it is reported tht Mrio Scherer ws tortured in front of his mother. e * $. 'L. r '.. ' 1. '.**..e.,... dtet..., ;M :cit. 0;7.4. ft::. -. :01 C/ : :,,...t::44. g eir.4%.t. :;::or F 04 ji:ft e % 44,11%. :e.8 4 iv4o,..1 V. 440 :, el ft, 41, 4 t 11 ',, ; #. * Z94.* sme time nd;took the bby with her, Mrio Rth Schuer Prono

8 DETHS DSPPERNCES 10. lbino VER nother victim of the violent repression which took plce in My nd June 1976 in Quiindy. He ws rrested on 10 June 1976 in Tobtigue (Quiindy) by members of the police detchment of Sn Jun (Misiones). fter his rrest he ws trnsferred to Prguri nd died under torture there in midjune. These re only the cses tht were reported during Other cses of deth:: in detention reported in previous yers hve never been stisfctorily explined. Exmples re the cses of Evsio BENTEZ RMO, Jun Jose FR S, nd Cendido OVEDO. There lso remin cses where secrecy surrounding police nd militry opertions nd the intimidtion nd isoltion of reltives mke it difficult to estblish whether prisoner is ded or live. typicl cse is tht of Mrtino ROLON CENTURON, pesnt nd leder of the grrin Legues. ccording to n officil report, he ws killed during dwn rid on his home in Vlle pue (Lmbre) on 4 pril 1976 in connection with the uthorities' lleged discovery of the OPM. However, other reports climed tht he ws rrested with his wife nd subsequently died under torture. More recent reports now indicte tht he is still live nd held in militry unit where he is undergoing severe torture. "The sttus of 'missing' seems to be 1 comfortble expedient to void ppliction of the legl provisions estblished in defence of personl freedom, physicl integrity, dignity nd humn life itself." nter-mericn Commission of Humn Rights of the Orgniztion of mericn Sttes (OS), June Reltives of politicl prisoners nd the few lwyers who tke up their cses hve little recourse to the norml procedures of lw. Writs of hbes corpus on behlf of "missing prisoners go unnswered nd inquiries t police sttions generlly yield no informtion. The filure of the uthorities to recognize rrests or provide ny informtion sometimes leds to the ssumption tht prisoner is ded, lthough he or she my lter be locted in detention.. Bienvenido RGUELLO ged 35 yers. Reportedly bducted with nother prguyn on 12 My 1975 from Clorind, n rgentinn town ner the border with Prguy. They were tken to nerby police sttion Comisre Flcón nd tortured. n October 1975 they were reported to be in detention in Prguy. lthough his compnion is now in Emboscd prison cmp, Bienvenido rg0ello hs not been cknowledged by the Prguyn uthorities to be detinee. 2. gustin GOBURU ged 45 yers; mrried with three children. Medicl doctor nd vice-president of the Movimiento Populr Colordo Populr Colordo Movement MOPOCO. He hd been living in exile in neighbouring rgentin since On

9 7 Februry 1977 he ws tken to the locl police sttion in the town of Prn in rgentin but relesed fter few hours with the explntion tht his detention hd been mistke. However, while tking ptient to hospitl two dys lter, Dr Goiburti ws bducted nd hs since disppered. n similr incident in 1971 he ws bducted from Prn nd returned to Prguy where he ws held in detention nd subjected to severe torture. n 1972 he mnged to escpe nd subsequently returned to rgentin. t is believed tht he hs gin been returned to Prguy. 3. Octvio Ruben GONZLEZ COST ged 30 yers; mrried with two children. He ws rrested on 3 December 1975 in cry (lto Prn) in Prguy. Police officers in lto Prn climed tht he hd been trnsferred to sunci6n, but in the cpitl the rrest ws denied by the uthorities. n October 1976, some sources reported tht he hd been locted in the bsement of the rmed forces hedqurters, but this hs not been officilly confirmed. His widowed mother, 60-yer-old Petron cost de Gonzlez, hs been detined without tril since 29 November DSPPERNCES 4. Dorotco GRNDEL pesnt frmer rrested on 2 My 1976 in Cguth by personnel of the Second nfntry Division of Villrric. His disppernce ws reported in the press nd denounced by the Church. fter writ of hbes corpus ws submitted on 27 My 1976, the Supreme Court requested informtion bout this prisoner from the commnder of the rmed forces. The nswer to the court, dted 18 June 1976 nd signed by the commnder of the Second nfntry Division, stted tht Grndel ws "not known". However, fellow prisoner, now relesed, hs testified to hving shred cell with him in the militry unit of the Second nfntry Division. Grndel ws reported to hve been detined without tril there until t lest December ccording to the testimony, he hd been lone for bout eight months in smll cell in which conditions were very hrsh. n ddition he ws suffering from hed injury sustined t the time of his rrest. 5, 6, 7, 8. Elixto, Policrpo, Frncisco nd dolfo LOPEZ Four brothers, rrested on 13 My 1976 by members of the police detchment of Sn Jun (Misiones). Other members of the fmily were lso rrested, including their wives, children nd their mother, 73-yer-old scención Midn de Lopez. Some of these reltives were subsequently relesed. Others were trnsferred to Emboscd nd still remin there. However, the four brothers disppered fter their rrest. The eight youngest children of Elixto Lopez were hnded over to strngers, reportedly by order of the Delegdo de Gobierno of tpu (locl governor), who refused to return them to reltives. The wherebouts of the youngest, one-yerold Miguel LOpez, re not known. 9. Crlos Jose MNCUELLO ged 24 yers, electronic engineering student. On 25 November 1974 he nd his pregnnt wife Gldys Esther Rios de Mncuello, 22-yer-old rgentinin were rrested nd tken to nvestigciones. n September 1976 she ws trnsferred to Emboscd prison cmp fter giving birth to son their second child. However, Crlos Mncuello ws not trnsferred nd since tht time the uthorities hve refused to give ny informtion concerning his wherebouts. 10, 11, Mxim MELGREJO DE BENTEZ nd Crescendo BENTEZ GLENO Sister nd brother-in-lwof Sixto Melgrejo (see list of deths). They were reportedly "drgged from their home like cttle" during the violent repression On 10 December 1976, "Humn Rights Dy", the Prguyn Epsicopl Conference publicized the plight of fmilies of disppered prisoners in its publiction Sendero. They printed photogrph of Crlos José Mncuello's son who ws born in prison on 10 ugust The cption reds: "His fther Crlos Jose Mncuello, detined on 25 November 1974, ws held incommunicdo in nvestigciones until 22 September 1976 when he disppered". 10 D DCMOSt NVERSROE ; " DSPPERNCES which took plce in The Quiindy re in June 1976, nd subsequently disppered. They hd two children: Pblo, ged three, nd sidoro, ged one. sister of Crescencio Benitez, Silvi Gleno from Cost Gon, Prguri, ws detined in Emboscd prison cmp with her two young children nd relesed in Februry milcr OVEDO ged 21 yers. rrested on 25 November 1974 nd held incommunicdo in nvestigciones. He ws not included in the generl trnsfer of prisoners to Emboscd prison cmp in September 1976 nd ws reported to hve "disppered". t is possible tht he my still be held in nvestigciones but this cnnot be confirmed since the uthorities refuse to give ny informtion bout his wherebouts. 13. Rmón PNTOS ged 21 yers. Disppered fter his rrest in My 1976 nd is believed to hve died in custody. Two of his brothers re in Emboscd prison cmp. 14. Crlos RMREZ BLNCO Ws held incommunicdo in nvestigciones for severl months in 1976 nd then disppered.

10 DSPPERNCES DSPPERNCES 15, 16. Benjmin nd Crlos Rodolfo RMREZ VLLLB Brothels, pproximtely 26 nd 32 yers old. rrested in November They were detined incommunicdo in nvestigciones, but s in the cses of Crlos Mncuello nd milcr Oviedo (bove) they were not trnsferred to Emboscd prison cmp in September 1976 when mss trnsfer of politicl prisoners to tht prison took plce. They re believed to be still held in nvestigciones. Benjmin's wife ws lso rrested nd is reportedly detined in Emboscd prison cmp. 17. Diego RODS Mrried with five children. rrested in My 1976 by members of the police detchment of Sn Jun (Misiones) during violent period of repression ginst members of the grrin Legues. His brother Dionisio Rods ws killed nd other members of his fmily were lso rrested. Diego Rods disppered fter his rrest. 16. Miguel ngel SOLER ged 54 yers; mrried with three children. Lwyer, former student leder nd Secretry Generl of the Prguyn Communist Prty. Politiclly ctive since his youth, he ws rrested in 1947, 1955, Miguel ngel Soler nd During the lst of these periods of detention he ws severely tortured. Since his ltest rrest on 30 November 1975 the uthorities hve refused to give ny informtion bout him. During 1976 there were conflicting reports bout whether he ws live or ded, nd where he ws being held. mérico VLLGR Reportedly bducted by Prguyn government gents in November 1975 from the bording house in which he ws living in the rgentinin town of Clorind ner the border with Prguy. He subsequently disppered. Derlis VLLGR ged 36 yers. Ex-student leder nd lso reportedly leder of the Prguyn Communist Youth. He ws rrested on 30 November 1975 s he entered Prguy from rgentin where he hd been living in exile. He hd previously spent severl yers in prison without tril in Prguy. Shortly fter his re-rrest in December 1975,he ws seen in nvestigciones but he hs since disppered nd it is fered tht he my hve been killed. His pregnnt wife,cels Rmirez, ws lso rrested with him nd tortured in nvestigciones. She ws trnsferred to Fernndo del Mor police sttion nd gve birth to boy in pril Her mother, Mri Lin Rods, who hs been in detention without tril since 1968, ws lso in Fernndo de l Mor police sttion nd suffering from ill helth. The two women nd the bby were subsequently trnsferred to Emboscd prison cmp. Mny other cses of disppered politicl prisoners reported during the 1960s nd erly 1970s hve remined unclrified despite efforts by their fmilies to find out whether they re ded or live. Exmples re Nilo BENTEZ, urelio GON, Drio Gilberto GON MRTNEZ, Lorenzo GONZLEZ, Lorenzo LOPEZ, Lucio LOPEZ, nd nibl RQUELME. The fmily of Lorenzo LOpez, who disppered in 1970, is still ttempting to discover his fte. n n open letter to the Minister of nterior dted 19 My 1977 his fther wrote: " m humble 84-yer-old pesnt... Before die should like the consoltion of knowing whether my son is live or whether he ws killed so tht cn t lest sy pryer for him".

11 ft Gs ' w ll ll'.. ". ' S 0 ' 0 "0 el ft 0 0 ' e 0 00 ' '. " 0 0 i se. 0 M ' O. 0 " '0 0 fs 0 9 " t so r d. 1. N M. - ' so.11 '.. it 1 c 00 " i s