CHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF JAPAN

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "CHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF JAPAN"

Barnard Warner
5 years ago
Views:

1 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF JAPAN 2005

2 Supporting our wealthy and comfortable life, the chemical industry, which is living together with nature, fosters the dream of mankind. Introduction The chemical industry is frequently described as quite difficult to understand by people outside of the industry. The chemical industry has been defined as the industry that manufactures various products from various raw materials for various purposes by using primarily chemical technologies. However, like steel, those which are categorized separately are excluded. (Mr. Yoshiro Tokuhisa, Is There A Future for The? published by Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co.) Viewed that way, the scope of the chemical industry changes depending on what is categorized separately from among manufacturing that primarily uses chemical technologies. Although there are various opinions, the statistics on which major charts and tables of this brochure are based conform to the category 17 - of the Standard Industrial Classification for (second classification). Its contents are described in detail on Page 5. Even among published government statistics, the definition of the chemical industry could differ due to differences in the purposes for compilation and use by ministries and agencies. For example, in the trade statistics of the Ministry of Finance, synthetic rubbers, artificial fibers, and materials for photos and movies are excluded from the category and radioactive elements are included because the ministry uses the unified classification under an international treaty. Moreover, there are cases in which pharmaceuticals are not treated as chemical products. An example is the ranking data of the world s chemical companies on Page 10. Meanwhile, there are opinions that the scope of the chemical industry is wider. In such a case, plastic products or plastic products and rubber products are added to the. Total shipments of the former amounted to 33 trillion yen and the latter to 36 trillion yen in At any rate, the chemical industry ranks third in manufacturing after transportation machinery and electrical machinery. ** The statistics used in this brochure conform to the Standard Industrial Classification for (second classification):. (Source) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [Census of Manufactures] [Basic Survey of Overseas Business Activities] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications [Survey of Research and Development] Ministry of Finance [Financial Statements Statistics of Corporations by Industry] Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [Annual Report on the Promotion of Science and Technology] Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare [Monthly Labor Survey] Productivity Center for Socio-Economic Development 1

Contents 1 Total Production (Shipments) of Amounts to Yen 23 Trillion 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Chemical Products That Meet The Needs of Various Fields Shipment by Prefecture 's, The World's

3 Contents 1 Total Production (Shipments) of Amounts to Yen 23 Trillion Chemical Products That Meet The Needs of Various Fields Shipment by Prefecture 's, The World's Second Biggest in Shipments after The U.S.A. Yen 1,800 Billion Spent for Research And Development Is An Energy-Saving Superpower Ranks High in Plant Investment 340,000 Workers Are Employed Labor Productivity / Working Hours Trade Outward Direct Investment Amounts to Yen 540 Billion, While Inward Direct Investment Amounts to Yen 110 Billion Overseas Business Activities Operating Profit Ratio Summary of Major Indices 's chemical industry vs. all manufacturing industries in 2003 Number of establishments (thousand) 5.0 (1.7%) (290) Plant Investment ( trillion) 0.98 (10.2%) (9.7) Number of persons employed (thousand) 340 (4.2%) (8,200) R&D expenditure ( trillion) 1.8 (17.7%) (10) Shipment ( trillion) 23 (8.5%) (270) ($ 100million) 400 (9.1%) (4,400) Value added ( trillion) 11 (11.4%) (99) ($ 100million) 320 (14.2) (2,300) (Source) (Note) Manufacturing Industries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [Census of Manufactures] Ministry of Finance [Financial Statements Statistics of Corporations by Industry] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications [Survey of Research and Development] External Trade Organization Data of plant investment and R&D expenditures are those of FY (April 1,2003-Mar.31,2004) 2

Total Production (Shipments) of Amounts to Yen 23 Trillion. Chemical industry s shipment value in 2003 amounted to 23 trillion yen, accounting for 8.5% of entire manufacturing industry.

4 Total Production (Shipments) of Amounts to Yen 23 Trillion. Chemical industry s shipment value in 2003 amounted to 23 trillion yen, accounting for 8.5% of entire manufacturing industry. Shipment value of the chemical industry in the manufacturing industries in 2003 [ billion,%] 48,014 (17.5) 49,887 (18.2) 22,762 (8.3) 23,327 (8.5) 26,068 (9.5) 7,415 (2.7) 10,079 (3.7) 11,903 (4.3) 13,243 (4.8) 2,394 (0.9) Ceramics, Clay & Stone Products Plastic Products Fabricated Metal Products Chemical Industry Industrial Machinery Electrical Machinery Transportation Machinery 3

Trend in shipment value [ billion] 23,503 23,363 23,762 23,228 22,748 23,327 20,552 17,961 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003(Year) Shipment value of the chemical industry in the manufacturing

5 Trend in shipment value [ billion] 23,503 23,363 23,762 23,228 22,748 23,327 20,552 17, (Year) Shipment value of the chemical industry in the manufacturing industries [ billion] Year Every 5th year Recent three years Industry Plastic Products Ceramics, Clay & Stone Products Fabricated Metal Products Transportation Machinery 17,961 22,196 7,781 8,304 17,864 10,311 17,361 22,160 24,897 20,552 20,542 8,087 8,052 8,772 17,754 13,094 24,190 40,842 36,179 23,503 22,748 7,838 10,466 10,724 18,269 18,574 33,225 54,529 46,858 23,363 24,117 4,230 10,530 10,169 14,073 17,646 29,884 54,831 44,215 23,762 23,888 3,008 10,486 8,860 11,927 15,143 29,972 59,449 44,367 23,228 23,454 2,737 9,995 8,397 11,202 14,545 28,210 52,466 45,152 22,748 22,984 2,478 9,628 7,678 10,963 13,737 25,477 46,041 47,997 23,327 22,762 2,394 10,079 7,415 11,903 13,243 26,068 48,014 49, % Others 63,289 67,254 76,640 72,973 69,616 67,281 59,630 58, Total 212, , , , , , , ,734 (Source) (Note) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [Census of Manufactures] Statistics of facilities with more than four employees 4

Chemical Products That Meet The Needs of Various Fields Various products that chemical industry produces are used as raw materials and intermediary products by other industries.

6 Chemical Products That Meet The Needs of Various Fields Various products that chemical industry produces are used as raw materials and intermediary products by other industries. Many end products include drugs & medicines, cosmetics, detergents, paints, film and other materials that help us enjoy a comfortable modern life. Trend of shipment composition in chemical industry [%] 2.8% Fertilizers Inorganic Chemicals 7.5% Organic Chemicals 44.4% Chemical Fibers 6.4% End Products 38.9% (Year) Trend of shipment composition in chemical industry [%] Year Industry Fertilizers Inorganic Chemicals Organic Chemicals Basic Petrochemicals Aliphatic Intermediates Cyclic Intermediates, Dyestuff,Pigment Plastics Synthetic Rubbers Other Organic Chemicals Chemical Fibers End Products Oil and Fats, Soap, Detergents, Surfactants Paints Drugs & Medicines Agricultural Chemicals Cosmetics, Tooth-powder, Other Cosmetics Gelatins & Adhesives Photo-sensitized Materials Other Chemical End Products Every 5th year Recent three years (Source) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [Census of Manufactures] (Note) Statistics of facilities with more than four employees 5

7 Composition of chemical products shipped in 2003[%] Fertilizers Basic Petrochemicals 4.1 Photo-sensitized Materials 3.3 Gelatins & Adhesives 1.0 Cosmetics, Tooth-powder, Other Cosmetics 5.9 Other Chemical End Products 6.4 Inorganic Chemicals 6.0 Aliphatic Intermediates 6.4 Organic Chemicals 34.2 Plastics 11.6 Cyclic Intermediates, Dyestuff, Pigment 5.6 End Products 56.4 Synthetic Rubbers 1.9 Agricultural Chemicals Drugs & Medicines 30.2 Paints 4.1 Other Organic Chemicals 4.8 Chemical Fibers 2.2 Oil and Fats, Soap, Detergents, Surfactants 4.3 The major chemical industry indices with breakdown by product Fertilizers Inorganic Chemicals Organic Chemicals Basic Petrochemicals Aliphatic Intermediates Cyclic Intermediates, Dyestuff,Pigment Plastics Synthetic Rubbers Other Organic Chemicals Chemical Fibers End Products Oil and Fats, Soap, Detergents, Surfactants Paints Drugs & Medicines Agricultural Chemicals Cosmetics, Tooth-powder, Other Cosmetics Gelatins & Adhesives Photo-sensitized Materials Other Chemical End Products Number of Facilities Employee Force (Persons) Shipment (in Yen billion) Value Added (in Yen billion) Number of Facilities Composition (%) Employee Force Shipment Value Added 5, ,889 6,218 31,500 79,372 2,472 10,594 13,294 29,523 5,360 18,129 23, ,401 7, ,487 1,296 2, ,126 11, , , , ,795 13,166 7, , , ,988 7,043 4, , ,996 1, , , ,855 1, (Source) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [Census of Manufactures] (Note) Statistics of facilities with more than four employees 6

8 Shipment by Prefecture Osaka, Kanagawa and Chiba shipped more than 2 trillion yen each. Aomori Akita Iwate Shipment of chemical products by prefecture in 2003 Yamagata Miyagi Ishikawa Toyama Niigata Fukushima Shimane Tottori Shiga Fukui Nagano Gunma Tochigi Yamaguchi Hiroshima Okayama Hyogo Kyoto Gifu Yamanashi Saitama Ibaraki Saga Fukuoka Kagawa Osaka Nagasaki Oita Ehime Kochi Nara Kumamoto Tokushima Kagoshima Miyazaki Wakayama Mie Aichi Tokyo Shizuoka Chiba Okinawa Kanagawa 7

9 ,000,100 million- 1,000,100-2,000,000 million 300,100-1,000,000 million 100, ,000 million Hokkaido 10, ,000 million - 10,000 million Petrochemical complex Shipment of chemical products by prefecture in 2003 (ranking) 1 Prefecture Shipment Increase/decrease from previous year Employee force Osaka 21, ,498 2 Kanagawa 21, ,293 3 Chiba 20, ,489 4 Yamaguchi 14, ,141 5 Shizuoka 14, ,526 6 Saitama 13,809 20,784 7 Hyogo 12,070 19,870 8 Ibaraki 12, ,809 9 Aichi 9, , Okayama 8, , Mie 8, , Tokyo 6, , Shiga 6, , Fukushima 5, , Tochigi 5, , Toyama 4, , Fukuoka 4, , Gunma 3, , Tokushima 3, , Ehime 3, , Niigata 3, , Wakayama 3, , Oita 3, , Gifu 2, ,807 Prefecture Shipment Increase/decrease from previous year Employee force 25 Hiroshima 2, , Fukui 2, , Kyoto 1, , Hokkaido 1, , Yamagata 1, , Miyazaki 1, , Ishikawa 1, , Kumamoto 1, , Nagano 1, , Saga , Kagawa , Miyagi , Nara , Iwate , Yamanashi Akita Aomori Kagoshima Shimane Nagasaki Okinawa Kochi Tottori Total 233, ,889 (Source) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [Census of Manufactures] (Note) Statistics of facilities with more than four employees 8

s, The World s Second Biggest in Shipments after The U.S.A. Shipment of chemical products by country in 2003 [$billion] 0 100 200 300 400 500 U.S.A. 459.1 201.

10 s, The World s Second Biggest in Shipments after The U.S.A. Shipment of chemical products by country in 2003 [$billion] U.S.A Germany China France 99.0 Italy 74.4 United Kingdom 54.8 Brazil 45.3 India 41.7 Russia 33.4 Canada 30.3 Mexico 16.4 (Source) American Chemistry Council 9

11 The world s leading chemical companies in 2003 Ranking Company (Country) Chemical Sales ($ million)2003 Change from 2002 Chemical Sales as % of Total Sales Chemical Operating Profits($ million) a Change from 2002 Operating Profit Margin b 1 Dow Chemical (U.S.A.) 32, % % 2, % 6.38% 2 BASF (Germany) 30, , c DuPont (U.S.A.) 30, na na na 4 Bayer (Germany) 21, ,533.2 nm def 5 Total (France) 20, ExxonMobil (U.S.A.) d 20, , BP (U.K.) 16, Royal Dutch/Shell (U.K./Netherlands) 15, nm def 9 Mitsubishi Chemical () 13, Degussa (Germany) 12, Akzo Nobel (Netherlands) 10, SABIC (Saudi Arabia) 10, , China Petroleum & Chemical (China) 9, ICI (U.K.) 9, Mitsui Chemicals () 9, Formosa Plastic Group (Taiwan) 8, , Dainippon Ink & Chemicals () 8, General Electric (U.S.A.) 8, Air Liquide (France) 8, , Sumitomo Chemical () 8, Toray Industries () 7, Shin-Etsu () 7, , Chevron Phillips (U.S.A.) 7, Huntsman Corp. (U.S.A.) 6, na DSM (Netherlands) 6, PPG Industries (U.S.A.) 6, Equistar Chemicals (U.S.A.) 6, nm def 28 Reliance Industries (India) 6, Clariant (Switzerland) 6, Rhodia (France) 6, nm def (Source) Chemical & Engineering News (Note) Financial figures converted at the following 2003 average rates: US$1.00 = euros, British pounds, Swiss francs, 3.75 Saudi riyals, 8.277Chinese yuan, ese yen, Norwegian crowns, Indian rupees, Taiwanese$, South African rand, 1, South Korean won, and Canadian $ a Operating profit is sales less administrative expenses and cost of sales. b Chemical operating profit as a percentage of chemical sales. c Sales include a significant amount of nonchemical products. d Profits and profitability rates are after-tax. def = deficit. na = not available. nm = not meaningful. (Note) Drugs & medicines are excluded. 10

12 Yen 1,800 Billion Spent for Research And Development Research and development expenditures of the chemical industry in FY 2003 (Apr.1, 2003-Mar.31, 2004) in amounted to 1,800 billion yen, accounting for 15% of all industry R&D expenditures.the percentage of research expenditures to sales was 5.2%, which was high together with precision machinery and electrical machinery. Ratio of R&D expenditures to sales by industry in 2003 [%] Trend of number of applications for patents by sector 100,000 Physics 85, ,000 Electricity 77, Plastic Products 1.0 Ceramics ,000 Chemistry ; Metallurgy Performing Operations ; Transporting 61,346 Human Necessities Fabricated Metal Products ,000 20,000 Mechanical Engineering ; Lighting ; Heating ; Weapons ; Blasting ; Paper Fixed Constructions 36,402 32,229 30,191 14, , (Year) (Source) Patent Office Manufacturing Industries 85.3 Transportation Machinery 15.7 Precision Machinery 4.3 Chemical industry R&D expenditures in major countries [%] (%) Other Manufacturing Industries U.S.A. France Germany U.K Non-Manufacturing Industry (Source) Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications [Survey of Research and Development] 0 U.S.A. France Germany U.K. U.S.A. France Germany U.K. U.S.A. France Germany U.K. U.S.A. France Germany U.K. U.S.A. France Germany U.K. U.S.A. France Germany U.K. U.S.A. France Germany U.K. U.S.A. France Germany U.K. (Source) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [Annual Report on the Promotion of Science and Technology] 11

13 Ratio of R&D expenditures to sales by industry [%] (%) 8 7 Precision Machinery 6 5 Manufacturing Industries Transportation Machinery 4 3 Ceramics Plastic Products Fabricated Metal Products (Fiscal Year) Ratio of R&D expenditures to sales by industry [%] Fiscal Year Every 5th year Recent three years Industry Plastic Products Ceramics Fabricated Metal Products Transportation Machinery Precision Machinery Manufacturing Industries (Source) Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications [Survey of Research and Development] 12

14 Is An Energy-Saving Superpower uses the least energy per GDP of all advanced countries. World s primary energy consumption per GDP [tons in crude oil equivalent / 1995 price, $ million] 3,000 2,500 China 2,000 1,500 1, Total World Consumption U.S.A. U.K. Germany France Canada OECD Italy (Year) (Source) The Energy Conservation Center, Energy consumption per unit of major industries in [1990=1.0] Auto Parts Paper & Pulp (Fiscal Year) (Source) Nippon Keidanren [Results of the Fiscal 2004 Follow-up to the Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment-Section on Global Warming Measures (Summary)] 13

15 Ranks High in Plant Investment Plant investment by the chemical industry accounted for 10% of all manufacturing industries. Trend of plant investment by industry [ billion] 4,000 Transportation Machinery Fabricated Metal Products 3,000 Petroleum & Coal Products 2,000 Ceramics,Clay & Stone Products 1, (Fiscal Year) Trend of plant investment by industry [ billion] Fiscal Year Industry Petroleum & Coal Products Ceramics, Clay & Stone Products Fabricated Metal Products Transportation Machinery Others Manufacturing Industries Every 5th year Recent three years , , ,247 1,569 1,260 1,285 1,368 1,376 1,478 1,138 1, % ,229 1,170 2, ,615 1,719 2, ,479 1,293 1,552 3,737 2,861 4, ,265 1,346 3, ,927 1,352 2, ,406 1,456 2, ,423 1,459 2,280 9,286 13,082 21,483 13,849 13,238 11,292 9, , , , ,684 (Source) Ministry of Finance [Financial Statements Statistics of Corporations by Industry] 14

16 340,000 Workers Are Employed The number of employees in the chemical industry accounted for 4.2% in entire manufacturing industry. Changes in the number of employees by industry [ Persons ] (persons) 12,000,000 Fabricated Metal Products Plastic Products Ceramics,Clay & Stone Products Transportation Machinery Manufacturing Industries 10,000,000 8,000,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, , (Year) Changes in the number of employees by industry [ Persons ] Year Industry Plastic Products Ceramics, Clay & Stone Products Fabricated Metal Products Transportation Machinery Others Manufacturing Industries Every 5th year Recent three years ,338 1,089, , , , ,546 1,026,377 1,341, , ,748 1,016, , , , , ,604 1,124,229 1,825, , ,076 1,090, , , , , ,915 1,192,406 1,939, , ,109 1,136, , , , , ,694 1,086,575 1,750, , ,953 1,127, , , , , ,425 1,037,079 1,573, , ,068 1,155, , , , , , ,373 1,451, , ,980 1,137, , , , , , ,689 1,326, , ,889 1,127, , , , , , ,392 1,299, , % ,166,500 2,934,184 2,996,395 2,786,017 2,290,296 2,181,637 1,939,382 1,885, ,291,918 10,889,949 11,172,829 10,320,583 9,183,833 8,866,220 8,323,589 8,228,150 (Source) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [Census of Manufactures] (Note) Statistics of facilities with more than four employees 15

17 Labor Productivity / Working Hours Indices of physical labor productivity [2000=100] Working hours (monthly average of total net working hours) [hours] Manufacturing Industries Manufacturing Industries All Industries (Year) (Year) Indices of physical labor productivity [2000=100] Working hours (monthly average of total net working hours) [hours] Industry Manufacturing Industries Year Indices Increase rate % Indices Increase rate % Recent three years Every 5th year Industry Year Every 5th year Recent three years All Industries Manufacturing Industries (Source) Productivity Center for Socio-Economic Development (Source) Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare [Monthly Labor Survey] 16

18 Trade The trade surplus amounted to $9.2 billion in 2003, the 13th consecutive year of surpluses. and imports of chemical products [$ million] ,767 6,202 Fertilizers Inorganic Chemicals Organic Chemicals Plastics Dyes & Paints Drugs & Medicines Essential Oil, Perfume & Cosmetics Other Chemical Products ,698 8, ,872 16, ,670 30, ,615 35, ,638 30, ,932 33, ,878 39,104 and imports of chemical products [$ million] Every 5th year Recent three years Produsts Every 5th year Recent three years % Fertilizers % ,188 1,720 2,084 1,792 1,882 2, Inorganic Chemicals ,194 1,974 2,131 1,981 1,834 2, ,276 2,512 5,640 11,110 11,191 10,172 10,638 12, Organic Chemicals 1,679 2,411 4,457 7,587 7,546 7,561 7,425 8, ,867 2,261 4,386 8,649 9,810 8,201 9,257 10, Plastics ,660 2,321 3,226 2,991 2,951 3, ,224 1,938 2,436 1,891 1,968 2, Dyes & Paints ,843 2,733 2,728 2,812 3, Drugs & Medicines 1,074 1,292 2,834 4,908 4,764 5,033 5,438 6, ,198 1,084 1,167 1, Essential Oil, Perfume & Cosmetics ,502 1,803 1,770 1,884 2, ,876 3,917 5,790 4,867 5,578 6, Other Chemical Products 1,462 2,054 4,069 4,937 5,736 5,004 5,083 5, ,767 7,698 15,872 30,196 35,336 30,816 33,385 39,104 Total Chemical Products 6,202 8,073 16,045 24,670 26,615 25,638 25,932 29,878 (Source) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [White Paper on International Economy and Trade] 17

19 and imports of chemical products in 2003 by region [$ million] 24,290 12,842 6,642 7,417 5, CIS, Mid Europe, East Europe 7,184 North America West Europe Middle East Asia Africa Oceania 1,356 1,230 Latin America and imports of chemical products in 2003 by region [$ million] Every 5th year Recent three years Region Every 5th year Recent three years ,024 3,161 8,641 18,376 21,123 17,831 20,178 24, % Asia ,425 4,171 6,013 5,800 5, Middle East ,125 3,183 5,226 5,462 5,249 5,160 5, West Europe 2,081 2,651 6,510 10,814 11,219 11,012 11, ,532 2,605 4,945 6,563 5,715 5,969 6, North America 2,730 3,667 5,500 7,511 7,630 6,955 6, ,302 1,189 1,246 1, Latin America , Africa Oceania ,029 1, CIS, Mid Europe, East Europe ,767 7,698 15,872 30,196 35,336 30,816 33,385 39,104 Total Chemical Products 6,202 8,073 16,045 24,670 26,615 25,638 25,932 (Source) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [White Paper on International Economy and Trade] 7, % , , , ,878 18

20 Outward Direct Investment Amounts to Yen 540 Billion, While Inward Direct Investment Amounts to Yen 110 Billion Outward direct investment increased substantially in FY2003 because of mergers and acquisitions, etc. Outward direct investment of the ese chemical industry and inward direct investment to the chemical industry in in FY 2003 by region [ 100 million] 3,652 1,151 Europe 1, North America Asia (Source) Ministry of Finance [Foreign Direct Investment] (Note) By the foreign companies in 15 Oceania Latin America Outward Direct Investment from Inward Direct Investment to Actual outward direct investment of the ese chemical industry and inward direct investment to the chemical industry in [ 100million] ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500( 100million) (Fiscal Year) 1980 US$ 314 million (Outward Direct Investment) 1985 US$ 133 million (Outward Direct Investment) , ,095 2,079 Outward Direct Investment from ,788 2,124 Inward Direct Investment to ,156 1, ,336 4, ,096 5,368 (Source) Ministry of Finance [Foreign Direct Investment] 19

21 Overseas Business Activities Overseas production of the ese chemical industry has increased to over 15%. Trend of overseas production of ese companies [%] (%) Manufacturing Industries (Source) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [Basic Survey of Overseas Business Activities] (Fiscal Year) Sales of ese chemical companies based overseas and its percentage of all overseas ese manufacturing companies sales [ billion, %] ( billion) 6000 Percentage of chemical companies 5, (%) Sales amount of overseas ese chemical companies (Fiscal Year) (Source) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [Basic Survey of Overseas Business Activities] 20

22 Operating Profit Ratio Operating profit ratio to sales remained high at 7.5%. Trend of ratio of operating profits to sales by industry [%] (%) 10 8 Manufacturing Industries Transportation Machinery 0 Petroleum & Coal Products Ceramics, Clay & Stone Products Fabricated Metal Products (Fiscal Year) Trend of ratio of operating profits to sales by industry [%] Fiscal Year Industry Petroleum & Coal Products Ceramics, Clay & Stone Products Fabricated Metal Products Transportation Machinery Manufacturing Industries Every 5th year Recent three years (Source) Ministry of Finance [Financial Statements Statistics of Corporations by Industry] 21

23 Summary of Major Indices Major indices in 2003 Number of Facilities Number of Employees (Persons) Total Shipment (Yen billion) Amount of Value Added (Yen billion) Plant Investment (Yen billion) R&D Expenditures (Yen billion) 5, ,889 23,327 11, ,774 36,150 1,127,507 22,762 8, , ,214 2,394 1, Plastic Products 17, ,784 10,079 4,123 na 123 Ceramics, Clay & Stone Products 15, ,950 7,415 3, , ,214 11,903 4, Fabricated Metal Products 37, ,229 13,243 5, , ,392 26,068 10, ,141 1,299,122 48,014 15,733 1, Transportation Machinery 12, ,452 49,887 14,269 1,845 1,846 Others 98,595 1,885,397 58,644 19,187 2,584 3,682 Total Manufacturing 293,911 8,228, ,734 98,658 9,684 10,032 Ratio of chemical industry to all manufacturing industries [%] Number of Facilities Number of Employees Total Shipment Amount of Value Added Plant Investment R&D Expenditures Plastic Products na Ceramics, Clay & Stone Products Fabricated Metal Products Transportation Machinery Others Total Manufacturing 22

Disparity in emergency medical services across Japan 1

Disparity in emergency medical services across Japan 1 Taro Takimoto 2, Kazuya Sakata 3, Kazunori Nakajima 4, Masaki Narukawa 5, Naoki Sakamoto 6 Abstract By using a prospective, nation-wide, population-based